Internal combustion engine



Feb., 4, H935 N, F. ANDERSSON 2,929,602

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April "r' 1954 2, Sheets-Sheet 1 1"ATTORNEY N. F. ANDERSSON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 2, Sheets-Sheet 2Feb. 4, 1936.

Filed April '7, 1954 INVENTQR BY f ' ATTORNEY Patented Feb.A 4, 1936UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Nils FredrikAndersson, Brevik, Sweden, asksignor to Aktiebolaget Spontan, Stockholm,Sweden, a corporation of Sweden Application April '7, 1934, Serial No.719,488 In Germany April 13, 1933 14 Claims. (Cl. 12S-173) The presentinvention relates to internal comlines 2-2 of Figs. 1 and 3 and showingthree of bustion engines and has particular reference to the cylindersof a multiple cylinder engine; internal combustion engines or the kindin which Fig. 3 is a plan view, partly in section, of the cooling iseffected by circulation of oil in thin structure shown in Fig. 2 andtaken approxiiilms over the portions of the engine cylinder or mately onthe line 3 3 of Fig. l;

cylinders which require cooling. Still more par- Fig. 4 is a sectiontaken on the line 4--4 of ticularly the invention relates to internalcom- Fig. 6;

bustion engines of the above kind in which cool- Fig. 5 is a sectiontaken on the line 5--5 of ing is effected by circulation of oil in thinfilms Fig. 6;

under pressure as disclosed in the applic-ation or" Fig. 6 is a planview, partly in section, of a 10 Fredrik Ljungstrm, Serial No. 661,250,led Cylinder head part;

March 17, 1933. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a uid guiding In enginesin which cooling is effected in the member forming part of the cylinderhead strucabove described manner, it isimportant that ture;

jacket spaces be provided the dimensions of which Fig. 8 is a sideelevation of the member shown 15 can be made accurate within closelimits, and this in Fig. 7 and taken at right angles to Fig. '7; and

is usually accomplished by using separate parts Fig. 9 is a top planview, partly in section, of

to provide the walls dening the jacket spaces. the member shown in Fig.7.

Such construction involves the use of a greater Referring now to thedrawings, l@ indicates number of parts than in the forms of constructhemain cylinder block of a multiple cylinder tion in which the enginesjackets are cast inteengine in which are located cylinder barrels l2grally with the cylinders and cylinder heads, and and oil coolingjackets I4. The members I2 and a gener-al object of the presentinvention is to l@ provide oil cooling jacket spaces i8 for the providean improved form of construction in separate cylinders which are incommunication which these parts, which must be most accuwith a commonchamber i8 in the block lli, to 25 rately formed if jacket spaces withrequired acwhich the cooling oil is supplied.

curacy are to be produced, may be made in the The cylinder headstructure comprises a lower form of a relatively simple and easilyproduced Cylinder head Daft 20 and an upper Cylinder head casting. part22. The terms upper and lower as used The invention is particularlyconcerned with herein refer to an engine in which the cylinders thecylinder head structure, and in order to seare vertically upright in theusual manner, the cure the results which it is the object of this lowercylinder head part 2l! constituting an ininvention to obtain, a cylinderhead structure is termediate part between the main cylinder blockemployed in which separate upper and lower and the upper cylinder headpart 22. The lower cylinder head parts are provided, between whichcylinder head part is formed by a casting which parts one or moreseparate fluid guiding members comprises an outer rim portion designatedgenare interposed to provide the channels for circuer-ally at 24, and aplurality of transverse porlationof cooling oil in thin films over thecomtions 26 forming the walls of the combustion bustion chamber wallsforming a portion of the chambers of the several cylinders. Thetransstructure of the lower cylinder head part. verse portions 26 arejoined to the side walls of 40 ie more specific nature 0i the invention,tothe rim portion 24 by means of the laterally eX- gether with furtherand more detailed objects tending ribs 28 and 30, and, as will beobserved thereof may best be understood from a considerfrom Figs. 3, 5and 6, these transverse portions ation of the ensuing description oi apreferred are longitudinally separated. The reason for form ofconstruction for a multiple cylinder en- Such separation will beexplained later. Each of t gine of the overhead valve type. It will beunderthe transverse portions 26 is provided with valve stood that theinvention is equally applicable to lseat openings 32 and 34 from whichopenings single cylinder engines. short, upwardly extending gas passagesare in the accompanying drawings Aforming a p-art formed by the walls36. As will be observed from of this specication and illustrating theembodi- Fig. 1, the rim portion of the lower cylinder head ment hereindescribed: part has a plane face 38, and walls 36 terminate Fig. l is avertical section, partly in elevation, in an upper plane face 4i) lyingin the same plane of the upper portion of an engine cylinder emas theface 38 of the rim portion.

bodying the invention; The lateral ribs 3|] are relatively heavy incross- Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section taken on the section and areprovided with suitable threaded 55 bores 42 for spark plugs 44. Theupper cylinder head part is in the form of a casting having a planerim-like lower face adapted to engage the upper face 38 of the lowercylinder head part 28 and having cored therein the gas passages 45 and48, the walls of which terminate in plane surfaces 58, adapted tocontact the surfaces 40 of the lower cylinder head part. Passages 46 and48 register with the valve seat openings 32 and 34 in the lower cylinderhead part, and the upper cylinder head part is provided with the valveguides 52 for valves 54, which are adapted to engage the valve seatsprovided by openings 32 and 34. The upper and lower head parts are heldagainst lateral displacement with respect to each other by means of anumber of dowel pins 56 fitting in suitable holes 58 in the two cylinderhead parts. A plurality of fluid guiding members SU are interposedbetwen the two cylinder head parts. These members, as will be seen fromFigs. 7 to 9, may be said to be generally cup-like in form, and areadapted to fit over and generally encompass the combustion chamber wallsformed by the transverse portions 26 of the lower cylinder head part. Attheir opposite sides the members 60 are cut away as at 62 and 64 toprovide spaces for the laterally extending ribs 28 and 30. As will beobserved from Fig. 3, the cut-away portions 62 of members 60 are widerthan the width of the ribs 28, so as to provide communication betweenthe jacket space 66 and the spaces E8 between adjacent guide members.

The lower face of the lower cylinder head part is plane and is adaptedto seat against a plane gasket l interposed between this part and theupper plane face of the cylinder block l0. The lower faces l2 of thefluid guiding members 60 are also plane and are adapted to seat againstthe gasket l0 when these members are in operative position between thetwo cylinder head parts.

As will be seen from Fig. 1, the guiding members 50 are adapted to beheld in engagement with the gasket due to contact of the surfaces 50 ofthe upper cylinder head part with the upper surfaces 14 of the guidemembers. 'I'he upper surfaces 14 of these members are provided at theperimeter of central openings 'l5 through which the walls 35 of thelower cylinder head part project to make contact with surfaces 50 of theupper cylinder head part. The cylinder head parts are held together bythe usual cylinder head bolts (not shown), and the cylinder headstructure as a whole is held to the main cylinder block by similar boltsof usual form and arrangement. The openings 64 in the guide members 58are somewhat wider than the ribs 30, as will be seen from Fig. 3 and thewalls of the members adjacent these openings are preferably ridged as ati8 to receive the ends of spring strips 80, which bear against the rimportion 24 and serve to separate the jacket spaces 66 from theintermediate spaces 68 at the side where the strips 85 are located. Thegasket l0 is provided with openings 82 (Figs. l and 3), which ao-rdcommunication between the jacket spaces 66 around the combustionchambers and the space I8 in the main cylinder block.

In the above described arrangement, the flow of cooling oil is asfollows: Oil is supplied by suitable means (not shown) to the jacketspace I6 around the cylinder barrels, from which it flows to the spacei8 in the cylinder block. From this space the oil iiows through theopenings 82 to the jacket spaces 65around the combustion chamber walls,and from these spaces it flows through the openings 62 to the space 68in the upper cylinder head part which surrounds the gas passages. Fromthis space the oil flows through a suitable outlet opening to beconveyed to the usual cooler forming apart of the cooling system. Inorder to obtain the desired character of oil flow across the walls ofthe combustion chambers as above described; the gasket 'l0 isadvantageously imperforate above the space I 8 except for the openings82 so that all of the oil passing to the head from space i8 ows throughthe openings 82 around the walls of the spark plug openings and acrossthe cylinder head jacket spaces to the openings 62. Since in systems ofthis character the oil is usually circulated under pressure, it isadvantageous to provide grooves such as those indicated at 84 and 86(see Fig. 4) in the upper and lower faces of the lower cylinder headpart, which serve as channels for collecting oil leaking past thesurfaces which are subjected to pressure. Grooves 84 and 86 areconveniently connected by means of passages 88 so that oil from groove84 can drain into groove 86. Groove 86 is connected through a suitableopening 90 in the gasket 'l0 with a drain groove 92 in the main blockl0, from which groove oil is removed through a suitable drain passage(not shown).

A construction such as that just described provides a number ofimportant advantages, of which the most important are summarized below:

By making the cylinder head structure of two separable parts thecastings required for these parts are made relatively simple and freefrom complicated coring. Furthermore, the use of the separable partswith the separately inserted iluid guiding mmbers makes it relativelysimple and easy to obtain passages for cooling fluid which are uniformlycarried to ne close limits. This is a highly important factor inconstructions adapted to be used with oil cooling of the kindcontemplated.

By making the upper and lower faces of the lower cylinder head partplane, and by having all of the faces forming joints located in commonplanes, the machining of the parts is rendered simple and inexpensive,and this arrangement further makes practical the production ofsufciently smooth and accurate faces of the two cylinder head parts toenable these parts to be joined without using an intermediate gasket.

The fluid guiding members may be either cast or pressed from sheetmetal, and, as will be observed from the drawings, the joints betweenthese members and the parts with which they are in contact are arrangedso that they are not subjected to the high pressures generated withinthe combustion chamber. This enables the gasketless joint structurebetween the head parts to be employed without risk either of leakage ofcombustion gases into the oil space, or the leakage of oil into thecombustion space or gas passages.

The construction of the lov/er cylinder head part is particularlyadvantageous because of the manner in which expansion and contractionare permitted without setting up undesirable strains in the cylinderhead structure.

In oil cooling systems .of the character described, the combustionchamber walls attain relatively high temperatures during normaloperation, these temperatures being in many instances considerably abovethe temperature which the rim portion of the cylinder head part attainsin normal operation. By forming the lower cylinder head part in themanner described, eX-

pansion of the transverse portions of the cylinder head part which formthe combustion chamber walls can take place relatively freely, since thelong side walls of the rim portions of the casting provide a certaindegree of flexibility readily permitting lateral expansion. Byseparating the transverse portions of the cylinder head parts fullfreedom for expansion longitudinally is provided for the combustionchamber walls, whereas if the transverse portions forming the combustionchamber walls were joined longitudinally, the

combined expansion of all of the combustion chambers would producehighly undesirable strains in the casting,- since the total longitudinalexpansion of all the transverse portions in normal operation isconsiderably greater than the longitudinal expansion of the sides of therim portion.

From the foregoing description it will be evident to those skilled inthe art that changes and modifications in the specific constructiondescribed by way .of illustration may be made without departing from thespirit and scope of the invention, which is to be understood asembracing all structures falling within the terms of the appendedclaims.

What I claim is:

l. In an oil-cooled internal combustion engine of the kindin whichcooling Ioil is forced over the cylinder parts in thin films, a cylinderhead structure comprising a lower part providing combustion chamberwalls having valve seat and spark plug openings therein, an upper parthaving valve guides and gas passages therein, and separate meansinterposed between portions of said parts shaped to guide cooling .oilin thin lms over substantially the entire area of said combustionchamber walls.

2. In a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine of the kind inwhich cooling oil is forced in thin films over the cylinder parts, acylinder head structure comprising a lower Ycylinder head part having anouter rim portion and a plurality of transverse portions integral withthe rim portion and providing combustion chamber walls for a pluralityof cylinders, an upper cylinder head part adapted to be secured to thelower cylinder head part, and separate means interposed between portionsof said parts shaped to provide channels for separately circulatingcooling oil in thin iilms over substantially the entire area of thewalls of each combustion chamber.

3. Ina multiple cylinder internal combustion engine of the kind in whichcooling .oil is forced in thin lms over the cylinder parts, a cylinderhead structure comprising a lower cylinder head part having an outer rimportion and a plurality of transverse portions integral with the rimportion and providing combustion chamber walls for a plurality ofcylinders, an upper cylinder head part adapted to be secured to thelower cylinder head part, and a plurality of separate fluid guidingmembers interposed between portions of said cylinder head parts shapedto provide channels for separately circulating cooling oil in thin filmsover substantially the entire area of the Walls of each combustionchamber.

4. In a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine of the kind inwhich cooling oil is forced in thin films over the cylinder parts, acylinder head structure comprising a lower cylinder head part having anouter rim portion and a plurality of integral transverse portionsconnected to the opposite sides of the rim portion by laterallyextending ribs, each of said transverse portions providing combustionchamber walls for a separate cylinder having valve seat openings therain and one of the ribs associated with each of said transverse portionshaving a spark plug opening therein, an upper cylinder head part havingvalve guides and gas passages therein, and a plurality of separate iiuidguiding members interposed between said cylinder head parts shaped toprovide channels for separately circulating cooling oil in thin iilmsover substantially the entire area of the walls lof each combustionchamber.

5. In a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine of the kind inwhich cooling oil is forced in thin lms over the cylinder parts, acylinder head structure comprising a lower cylinder head part having anouter rim portion and a plurality of longitudinally separated transverseportions connected to the opposite sides of the rim portion by laterallyextending ribs, each of said transverse portions providing combustionchamber walls for a separate cylinder having valve seat .openingstherein and one of the ribs associated with each of said transverseportions having a spark plug opening therein, an upper cylinder headpart having valve guides and gas passages therein, and a plurality ofseparate fluid guiding members interposed between said cylinder headparts shaped to provide channels for separately circulating cooling oilin thin films over substantially the entire area of the walls of eachcombustion chamber.

6. In a multiple cylinder overhead valve internal combustion engine ofthe kind in which cooling oil is forced in thin films over the cylinderparts, a cylinder head structure comprising a lower cylinder head parthaving an outer rim portion and a plurality of longitudinally separatedcircular transverse portions connected to the opposite sides of the rimportion by laterally eX- tending integral ribs, said transverse portionsproviding combustion chamber walls having valve seat openings therein,an upper cylinder head part having valve guides and gas passagestherein, and a plurality of generally cup-shaped fluid guiding membersinterposed between portions of Said cylinder head parts, each of saidmembers being spaced from one of said transverse portions and shaped toprovide space for circulation of cooling oil in thin films oversubstantially the entire area of the walls of each combustion chamber.

7. In an internal combustion engine of the kind in which cooling oil isforced in thin films over the cylinder parts a cylinder head structurecomprising a lower cylinder head part providing combustion chamber wallshaving valve seat and spark plug openings therein, said part having aplane upper face, an upper cylinder head part having valve guides andgas passages therein and a plane lower face adapted to seat against theupper face of the lower cylinder head part, and a fluid guiding memberinterposed between portions of said cylinder head parts, said memberbeing shaped to provide space for circulation of cooling oil in thin lmsover substantially the entire area of the walls of the combustionchamber, and having an upper face adapted to be engaged by a portion ofthe lower face of said upper cylinder head part.

8. In a multiple cylinder overhead valve internal combustion engine ofthe kind in which cooling oil is forced in thin lms over the cylinderparts, a cylinder head structure comprising a lower cylinder headcasting having a rim portion and a plurality of transverse portionsjoined to the rim portion by laterally extending ribs, each of saidtransverse portions providing combustion chamber walls for a differentcylinder having valve seat openings and Walls forming gas passagesprojecting upwardly from said valve seat openings, the ends of thelast-mentioned walls and the upper face of the rim portion lying in thesame plane, an upper cylinder head casting having a plane lower face andwalls providing gas passages adapted to register with the gas passagesin said lower casting, and fluid guiding members interposed between saidcastings and shaped to form spaces for circulation of cooling oil inthin films over substantially the entire area of said combustion chamberwalls, said members having upper faces adapted to abut againstcooperating face portions of the plane lower face of the upper casting.

9. Cylinder head structure for an oil cooled engine comprising a castinghaving a rim portion and a transverse portion connected to the rimportion by laterally extending ribs, said transverse portion formingcombustion chamber walls for a cylinder and one of said ribs having aspark plug opening therein and a fluid guiding member adapted to t oversaid transverse portion and shaped to form jacket space for circulationof cooling oil in thin films over substantially the entire area of saidcombustion chamber walls, said fluid guiding member having cut-awayportions through which said ribs pass and there being space between saidribs and the edges of said cut-away portions to provide an inlet and anoutlet for said jacket space.

l0. In a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine of the kind inwhich cooling oil is forced in thin nlms over the cylinder parts, acylinder head structure comprising a lower cylinder head part having anouter rim portion and a plurality of integral transverse portionsconnected to the opposite sides of the rim portion by laterallyextending ribs, each of said transverse portions providing combustionchamber walls for a separate cylinder and each of said transverseportions being separated from the remaining transverse portions, anupper cylinder head part adapted yto be secured to the lower cylinderhead part, and separate means interposed between portions of said partsproviding channels for separately circulating cooling oil in thin lmsover substantially the entire area of the walls of each combustionchamber.

11. In a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine of the kind .inwhich cooling oil is forced in thin lrns over the cylinder parts, acylinder head structure comprising a lower cylinder head part having anouter rim portion and a plurality of longitudinally separated transverseportions connected to the opposite sides of the rim por tion bylaterally extending ribs, each of said transverse portions providingcombustion chamber walls for a separate cylinder having valve seatopenings therein and one of the ribs associated with each of saidtransverse portions having a spark plug opening therein, an uppercylinder head part having valve guides and gas passages therein, and aplurality of separate fluid guiding members interposed between saidcylinder head parts, each of said fluid guiding members encompassing theperimetral walls of a separate combustion chamber to provide a channelfor circulating cooling oil in thin films over such walls and having atop portion closely adjacent the top combustion chamber wall to providea channel for circulating cooling oil in a 'thin film over said topcombustion chamber wall.

12. -In an internal combustion engine of the kind in which cooling oilis forced in thin lms over the cylinder parts, a cylinder head structurecomprising a lower cylinder head part providing combustion chamber wallshaving valve seat and spark plug openings therein, said part having anupper face comprising plane portions, an upper cylinder head part havingvalve guides and gas passages therein and a lower face comprising planeportions adaptedv to seat against comple mentary plane portions of theupper face of the lower cylinder head part, and a fluid guiding memberinterposed between portions of said cylinder head parts, said memberproviding space for circulation of cooling oil in thin lms oversubstantially the entire area of the Walls of said combustion chamberand having an upper face adapted to be engaged by a portion of the lowerface of said upper cylinder head part to hold said member in position.

13. In a multiple cylinder overhead valve internal combustion engine ofthe kind in which cooling 'oil vis -forced in thin lms over the cylinderparts, a cylinder head structure comprising a lower cylinder headcasting having arim portion and a plurality of transverse portionsjoined to the rim portions by laterally extending ribs, each of saidtransverse portions being longitudinally spaced from the adjacenttransverse portions at each side thereof and providing combustionchamber walls for a different cylinder having valve seat openings andwalls forming gas passages projecting upwardly from said valve seatopenings, an upper cylinder head casting having walls providing gaspassages adapted to register Y with the gas passages in said lowercasting, and separate uid guiding members interposed between saidcastings, said fluid guiding members being generally cup-shaped andproviding spaces around said combustion chamber walls for circulation ofcooling oil in thin films, and said members having upper faces adaptedto abut against cooperating face portions of the lower face of the uppercasting to hold them in position.

14. In a multiple cylinder overhead valve internal combustion engine ofthe kind in which cooling oil is forced in thin films over the cylinderparts, a cylinder head structure comprising a lower cylinder headcasting having a rim portion and a plurality of transverse portionsjoined to the rim portion by laterally extending ribs, each of saidtransverse portions being longitudinally spaced from the adjacenttransverse portions at each side thereof and providing combustionchamber walls for a different cylinder interposed between said castingsto form spaces i for circulation of cooling oil in thin films aroundsaid combustion chamber walls, each of said fluid guiding members beingof generally cup-like form and having recesses through which saidlaterally l extending ribs extend and an upper face adapted to abutagainst the ends of the walls providing the gas rpassages in said uppercylinder head casting.

NILS FREDRIK ANDERSSON.

